Urbit Developers
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      • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
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      • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
      • 2a: Unit Logic
      • 2b: List Logic
      • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
      • 2d: Bit Logic
      • 2e: Insecure Hashing
      • 2f: Noun Ordering
      • 2g: Unsigned Powers
      • 2h: Set Logic
      • 2i: Map Logic
      • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
      • 2k: Queue Logic
      • 2l: Container from Container
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      • 2n: Functional Hacks
      • 2o: Normalizing Containers
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      • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
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      • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
      • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
      • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
      • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
      • 4k: Atom Printing
      • 4l: Atom Parsing
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      • 4n: Virtualization
      • 4o: Molds
      • 5a: Compiler Utilities
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      • 5f: Profiling support
      • Runes

        • Constants (Atoms and Strings)
        • + lus · Arms
        • | bar · Cores
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        • / fas · Imports
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        • ; mic · Make
        • ~ sig · Hints
        • = tis · Subject
        • ? wut · Conditionals
        • ! zap · Wild
        • --, == Terminators
        • Limbs and wings

          • Limbs
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          • Zuse

            • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
            • 2d(6): From JSON
            • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
            • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
            • 2m: Ordered Maps
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                                              • Agent
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                                                  Urbit Developers
                                                  • Hoon

                                                    • Overview
                                                    • Cheat Sheet
                                                    • Irregular forms
                                                    • Hoon Errors
                                                    • Hoon Style Guide
                                                    • Basic Types
                                                    • Advanced Types
                                                    • Auras
                                                    • Arvo
                                                    • Standard Library

                                                      • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
                                                      • 1b: Tree Addressing
                                                      • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                      • 2a: Unit Logic
                                                      • 2b: List Logic
                                                      • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
                                                      • 2d: Bit Logic
                                                      • 2e: Insecure Hashing
                                                      • 2f: Noun Ordering
                                                      • 2g: Unsigned Powers
                                                      • 2h: Set Logic
                                                      • 2i: Map Logic
                                                      • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
                                                      • 2k: Queue Logic
                                                      • 2l: Container from Container
                                                      • 2m: Container from Noun
                                                      • 2n: Functional Hacks
                                                      • 2o: Normalizing Containers
                                                      • 2p: Serialization
                                                      • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                      • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                      • 3b: Floating Point
                                                      • 3c: Urbit Time
                                                      • 3d: SHA Hash Family
                                                      • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
                                                      • 3f: Scrambling
                                                      • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                      • 4a: Exotic Bases
                                                      • 4b: Text Processing
                                                      • 4c: Tank Printer
                                                      • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
                                                      • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
                                                      • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
                                                      • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
                                                      • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
                                                      • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
                                                      • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
                                                      • 4k: Atom Printing
                                                      • 4l: Atom Parsing
                                                      • 4m: Formatting Functions
                                                      • 4n: Virtualization
                                                      • 4o: Molds
                                                      • 5a: Compiler Utilities
                                                      • 5b: Macro Expansion
                                                      • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
                                                      • 5d: Parser
                                                      • 5e: Molds and mold builders
                                                      • 5f: Profiling support
                                                      • Runes

                                                        • Constants (Atoms and Strings)
                                                        • + lus · Arms
                                                        • | bar · Cores
                                                        • $ buc · Structures
                                                        • % cen · Calls
                                                        • : col · Cells
                                                        • . dot · Nock
                                                        • / fas · Imports
                                                        • ^ ket · Casts
                                                        • ; mic · Make
                                                        • ~ sig · Hints
                                                        • = tis · Subject
                                                        • ? wut · Conditionals
                                                        • ! zap · Wild
                                                        • --, == Terminators
                                                        • Limbs and wings

                                                          • Limbs
                                                          • Wings
                                                          • Zuse

                                                            • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
                                                            • 2d(6): From JSON
                                                            • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
                                                            • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
                                                            • 2m: Ordered Maps
                                                          • Arvo

                                                            • Overview
                                                            • Ames

                                                              • Overview
                                                              • Cryptography
                                                              • API Reference
                                                              • Scry Reference
                                                              • Data Types
                                                              • Behn

                                                                • Overview
                                                                • API Reference
                                                                • Scry Reference
                                                                • Examples
                                                                • Clay

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                                                                  • Using Clay
                                                                  • Data Types
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                                                                  • API Reference
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                                                                  • Marks

                                                                    • Overview
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                                                                  • Dill

                                                                    • Overview
                                                                    • API Reference
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                                                                    • Data Types
                                                                    • Eyre

                                                                      • Overview
                                                                      • External API Reference
                                                                      • Internal API Reference
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                                                                      • Data Types
                                                                      • Guide
                                                                      • Gall

                                                                        • Overview
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                                                                        • Data Types
                                                                        • Iris

                                                                          • Overview
                                                                          • API Reference
                                                                          • Data Types
                                                                          • Example
                                                                          • Jael

                                                                            • Overview
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                                                                            • Khan

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                                                                              • Threads

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                                                                                • Strandio
                                                                                • Gall

                                                                                  • Start Thread
                                                                                  • Take Result
                                                                                  • Take Facts
                                                                                  • Stop Thread
                                                                                  • Poke Thread
                                                                                  • Examples

                                                                                    • Fetch JSON
                                                                                    • Child Thread
                                                                                    • Main-loop
                                                                                    • Poke Agent
                                                                                    • Scry
                                                                                    • Take Fact
                                                                                  • Concepts

                                                                                    • Scries
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                                                                                      • Move Trace
                                                                                      • Reference

                                                                                        • Cryptography
                                                                                        • Filesystem Hierarchy
                                                                                      • Nock

                                                                                        • Nock Definition
                                                                                        • Explanation
                                                                                        • Example
                                                                                        • Implementations
                                                                                        • Vere

                                                                                          • C Runtime System
                                                                                          • Land of Nouns
                                                                                          • API overview by prefix
                                                                                          • C in Urbit
                                                                                          • Writing Jets
                                                                                          • Cryptography
                                                                                          • Azimuth

                                                                                            • Overview
                                                                                            • Urbit HD Wallet
                                                                                            • Azimuth Data Flow
                                                                                            • Azimuth.eth
                                                                                            • Ecliptic.eth
                                                                                            • Advanced Azimuth Tools
                                                                                            • Life and Rift
                                                                                            • Layer 2

                                                                                              • Layer 2 Overview
                                                                                              • Layer 2 Actions
                                                                                              • Transaction Format
                                                                                              • Rollers
                                                                                              • Roller HTTP RPC-API
                                                                                              • Custom Roller Tutorial
                                                                                            • Glossary

                                                                                              • Agent
                                                                                              • Ames
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                                                                                              • Aqua
                                                                                              • Arm
                                                                                              • Arvo
                                                                                              • Atom
                                                                                              • Aura
                                                                                              • Aural ASCII
                                                                                              • Azimuth
                                                                                              • Battery
                                                                                              • Behn
                                                                                              • Bowl
                                                                                              • Bridge
                                                                                              • Bunt
                                                                                              • Card
                                                                                              • Case
                                                                                              • Cask
                                                                                              • Cell
                                                                                              • Censures
                                                                                              • Claims
                                                                                              • Clay
                                                                                              • Cold atom
                                                                                              • Comet
                                                                                              • Commit
                                                                                              • Cons
                                                                                              • Context
                                                                                              • Cord
                                                                                              • Core
                                                                                              • Delegated Sending
                                                                                              • Desk
                                                                                              • Dill
                                                                                              • Document Proposal
                                                                                              • Dojo
                                                                                              • Door
                                                                                              • Double-boot
                                                                                              • Dry Gate
                                                                                              • Duct
                                                                                              • Ecliptic
                                                                                              • Entropy
                                                                                              • Event Log
                                                                                              • Eyre
                                                                                              • Face
                                                                                              • Fact
                                                                                              • Foo Bar Baz
                                                                                              • Galaxy
                                                                                              • Gall
                                                                                              • Garden
                                                                                              • Gate
                                                                                              • Generator
                                                                                              • Gift
                                                                                              • Glob
                                                                                              • HD Wallet
                                                                                              • Helm
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                                                                                              • ~
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                                                                                              • @p
                                                                                              • Payload
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                                                                                              • pH
                                                                                              • Pier
                                                                                              • Pill
                                                                                              • Planet
                                                                                              • Poke
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                                                                                              • Replay
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                                                                                              • Roller
                                                                                              • Naive rollups
                                                                                              • Rune
                                                                                              • Runtime
                                                                                              • Sail
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                                                                                              • Scry
                                                                                              • Senate
                                                                                              • Ship
                                                                                              • Slam
                                                                                              • Spider
                                                                                              • Sponsor
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                                                                                              • Subject Oriented Programming
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                                                                                              • Vase
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                                                                                              • Wrapper
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                                                                                              • Zuse
                                                                                              • Additional

                                                                                                • Cryptography
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                                                                                                • Software Distribution

                                                                                                  • Overview
                                                                                                  • Docket File
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                                                                                                  • Docs App

                                                                                                    • Overview
                                                                                                    • File Format
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                                                                                                    • Suggested Structure
                                                                                                  Reference/Hoon/Zuse

                                                                                                  2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains

                                                                                                  ++to-wain:format

                                                                                                  Cord to line list

                                                                                                  Convert txt to a wain, breaking on newline characters.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  txt is a @t.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A wain, which is a (list @t).

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ to-wain
                                                                                                  |= txt=cord
                                                                                                  ^- wain
                                                                                                  =/ len=@ (met 3 txt)
                                                                                                  =/ cut =+(cut -(a 3, c 1, d txt))
                                                                                                  =/ sub sub
                                                                                                  =| [i=@ out=wain]
                                                                                                  |- ^+ out
                                                                                                  =+ |- ^- j=@
                                                                                                  ?: ?| =(i len)
                                                                                                  =(10 (cut(b i)))
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  i
                                                                                                  $(i +(i))
                                                                                                  =. out :_ out
                                                                                                  (cut(b i, c (sub j i)))
                                                                                                  ?: =(j len)
                                                                                                  (flop out)
                                                                                                  $(i +(j))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (to-wain:format 'foo\0abar\0abaz')
                                                                                                  <|foo bar baz|>

                                                                                                  ++of-wain:format

                                                                                                  Line list to cord

                                                                                                  Convert tez to a cord, separating each line with a newline character.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  tez is a wain, which is a (list @t).

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A @t.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ of-wain
                                                                                                  |= tez=wain ^- cord
                                                                                                  (rap 3 (join '\0a' tez))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (of-wain:format ~['foo' 'bar' 'baz'])
                                                                                                  'foo\0abar\0abaz'

                                                                                                  ++of-wall:format

                                                                                                  Line list to tape

                                                                                                  Convert a to a tape, separating each line with a newline character.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a wall, which is a (list tape)

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A tape.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ of-wall
                                                                                                  |= a=wall ^- tape
                                                                                                  ?~(a ~ "{i.a}\0a{$(a t.a)}")

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (of-wall:format ~["foo" "bar" "baz"])
                                                                                                  "foo\0abar\0abaz\0a"

                                                                                                  ++json-rn:format

                                                                                                  json to rn parser

                                                                                                  This function is used internally by +ne and would not typically be used directly. It is a rule that parses a real number string to a rn in a unit.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  A nail containing a real number.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  An edge containing a (unit rn).

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ json-rn
                                                                                                  %+ knee *rn |.
                                                                                                  ;~ plug
                                                                                                  (easy %d)
                                                                                                  ;~(pose (cold | hep) (easy &))
                                                                                                  ;~ plug dim:ag
                                                                                                  ;~ pose
                                                                                                  ;~ pfix dot
                                                                                                  %+ sear
                                                                                                  |= a=tape
                                                                                                  =/ b (rust a dum:ag)
                                                                                                  ?~ b ~
                                                                                                  (some [(lent a) u.b])
                                                                                                  (plus (shim '0' '9'))
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  (easy [0 0])
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  ;~ pose
                                                                                                  ;~ pfix
                                                                                                  (mask "eE")
                                                                                                  ;~ plug
                                                                                                  ;~(pose (cold | hep) (cold & lus) (easy &))
                                                                                                  ;~ pose
                                                                                                  ;~(pfix (plus (just '0')) dim:ag)
                                                                                                  dim:ag
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  (easy [& 0])
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  ==
                                                                                                  ==

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (rush '2.47' json-rn:format)
                                                                                                  [~ [%d a=%.y b=[c=2 [d=2 e=47] f=%.y i=0]]]
                                                                                                  > (rush '123' json-rn:format)
                                                                                                  [~ [%d a=%.y b=[c=123 [d=0 e=0] f=%.y i=0]]]
                                                                                                  > (rush 'a' json-rn:format)
                                                                                                  ~

                                                                                                  ++enjs:format

                                                                                                  Container arm for JSON encoders

                                                                                                  The core inside this arm contains a collection of functions for converting various types of data to json. The json type is defined in lull.hoon as:

                                                                                                  +$ json :: normal json value
                                                                                                  $@ ~ :: null
                                                                                                  $% [%a p=(list json)] :: array
                                                                                                  [%b p=?] :: boolean
                                                                                                  [%o p=(map @t json)] :: object
                                                                                                  [%n p=@ta] :: number
                                                                                                  [%s p=@t] :: string
                                                                                                  == ::

                                                                                                  This container arm doesn't do anything itself. The different json encoding functions are documented individually below.


                                                                                                  ++frond:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Object from key-value pair

                                                                                                  Produces a json object containing q with a key of p.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  p is a @t key.

                                                                                                  q is any json.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json object.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ frond
                                                                                                  |= [p=@t q=json]
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%o [[p q] ~ ~]]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (frond:enjs:format 'foo' s+'bar')
                                                                                                  [%o p={[p='foo' q=[%s p='bar']]}]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (frond:enjs:format 'foo' s+'bar'))
                                                                                                  '{"foo":"bar"}'

                                                                                                  ++pairs:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Object from key-value pair list

                                                                                                  Produces a json object containing each key-value pair in list a.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a (list [@t json]).

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json object.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ pairs
                                                                                                  |= a=(list [p=@t q=json])
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%o (~(gas by *(map @t json)) a)]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a ~[['foo' n+~.123] ['bar' s+'abc'] ['baz' b+&]]
                                                                                                  > (pairs:enjs:format a)
                                                                                                  [%o p={[p='bar' q=[%s p='abc']] [p='baz' q=[%b p=%.y]] [p='foo' q=[%n p=~.123]]}]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (pairs:enjs:format a))
                                                                                                  '{"foo":123,"baz":true,"bar":"abc"}'

                                                                                                  ++tape:enjs:format

                                                                                                  String from tape

                                                                                                  Converts a into a json string.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a tape.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json string.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ tape
                                                                                                  |= a=^tape
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%s (crip a)]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (tape:enjs:format "foo")
                                                                                                  [%s p='foo']
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (tape:enjs:format "foo"))
                                                                                                  '"foo"'

                                                                                                  ++wall:enjs:format

                                                                                                  String from wall

                                                                                                  Converts a to a json string, separating lines with newline characters.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a wall, which is a (list tape).

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json string.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ wall
                                                                                                  |= a=^wall
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  (tape (of-wall a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (wall:enjs:format ~["foo" "bar" "baz"])
                                                                                                  [%s p='foo\0abar\0abaz\0a']
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (wall:enjs:format ~["foo" "bar" "baz"]))
                                                                                                  '"foo\\nbar\\nbaz\\n"'

                                                                                                  ++ship:enjs:format

                                                                                                  String* from ship

                                                                                                  Convert ship a to a json string*.

                                                                                                  Note: Currently this produces a json number rather than string, but with the ship name rendered as text rather than a number. This is for Landscape performance reasons and may be reverted at some point.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a @p.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json string number but with the @p rendered as text rather than a number.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ ship
                                                                                                  |= a=^ship
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%n (rap 3 '"' (rsh [3 1] (scot %p a)) '"' ~)]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (ship:enjs:format our)
                                                                                                  [%n p=~."zod"]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (ship:enjs:format our))
                                                                                                  '"zod"'

                                                                                                  ++numb:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Number from unsigned

                                                                                                  Convert a to a json number.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a @u

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json number.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ numb
                                                                                                  |= a=@u
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  :- %n
                                                                                                  ?: =(0 a) '0'
                                                                                                  %- crip
                                                                                                  %- flop
                                                                                                  |- ^- ^tape
                                                                                                  ?:(=(0 a) ~ [(add '0' (mod a 10)) $(a (div a 10))])

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (numb:enjs:format 123)
                                                                                                  [%n p=~.123]
                                                                                                  > (numb:enjs:format 0xffff)
                                                                                                  [%n p=~.65535]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (numb:enjs:format 123))
                                                                                                  '123'

                                                                                                  ++sect:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Seconds timestamp

                                                                                                  Convert time a to a Unix seconds timestamp in a json number.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a @da.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json number.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ sect
                                                                                                  |= a=^time
                                                                                                  (numb (unt:chrono:userlib a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (sect:enjs:format now)
                                                                                                  [%n p=~.1630407271]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (sect:enjs:format now))
                                                                                                  '1630407290'

                                                                                                  ++time:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Millisecond timestamp

                                                                                                  Convert time a to a Unix milliseconds timestamp in a json number.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a @da.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json number.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ time
                                                                                                  |= a=^time
                                                                                                  (numb (unm:chrono:userlib a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (time:enjs:format now)
                                                                                                  [%n p=~.1630407451204]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (time:enjs:format now))
                                                                                                  '1630407462905'

                                                                                                  ++path:enjs:format

                                                                                                  String from path

                                                                                                  Encode path a in a json string.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a path

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json string.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ path
                                                                                                  |= a=^path
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%s (spat a)]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (path:enjs:format /foo/bar/baz)
                                                                                                  [%s p='/foo/bar/baz']
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (path:enjs:format /foo/bar/baz))
                                                                                                  '"/foo/bar/baz"'

                                                                                                  ++tank:enjs:format

                                                                                                  Tank as string array

                                                                                                  Convert tank a into a json array of strings. The tank is passed through +wash with a maximum width of 80 characters specified, so may be split into multiple strings if it's too wide.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a tank

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A json array of strings.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ tank
                                                                                                  |= a=^tank
                                                                                                  ^- json
                                                                                                  [%a (turn (wash [0 80] a) tape)]

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =tan rose+[[" " "[" "]"] ~[leaf+"foo" leaf+"bar" leaf+"baz"]]
                                                                                                  > (tank:enjs:format tan)
                                                                                                  [%a p=~[[%s p='[foo bar baz]']]]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (tank:enjs:format tan))
                                                                                                  '["[foo bar baz]"]'
                                                                                                  > =tan rose+[[" " "[" "]"] ~[leaf+"aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa" leaf+"bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb" leaf+"ccccccccccccccccccc" leaf+"dddddddddddddddddd"]]
                                                                                                  > (en:json:html (tank:enjs:format tan))
                                                                                                  '["[ aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"," bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb"," ccccccccccccccccccc"," dddddddddddddddddd","]"]'

                                                                                                  2d(6): From JSON

                                                                                                  ->

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                                                                                                  Last modified August 30, 2023