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                                                      • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
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                                                      • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                      • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                      • 3b: Floating Point
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                                                      • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
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                                                      • Runes

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                                                                                                  Reference/Hoon/Standard Library

                                                                                                  2h: Set Logic

                                                                                                  ++in

                                                                                                  Set operations

                                                                                                  Core whose arms contain a variety of functions that operate on sets. Its sample accepts the input set to be manipulated.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ~/ %in
                                                                                                  =| a=(tree)
                                                                                                  |@

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > ~(. in (sy "asd"))
                                                                                                  <16.ufw [a=?(%~ [?(n=@tD n=#1) l=nlr(?(@tD #1)) r=nlr(?(@tD ^#1.?(@tD #1)))]) <123.zao 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>]>

                                                                                                  ++all:in

                                                                                                  Logical AND

                                                                                                  Computes the logical AND on every element in a slammed with b, producing a flag.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a gate that accepts a noun and produces a flag.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A flag.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ all
                                                                                                  ~/ %all
                                                                                                  |* b=$-(* ?)
                                                                                                  |- ^- ?
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  &
                                                                                                  ?&((b n.a) $(a l.a) $(a r.a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (~(all in (silt ~[1 2 3 4])) |=(a=@ (lth a 5)))
                                                                                                  %.y
                                                                                                  > (~(all in (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])) |=(a=@ (lth a 5)))
                                                                                                  %.n

                                                                                                  ++any:in

                                                                                                  Logical OR

                                                                                                  Computes the logical OR on every element of a slammed with b, producing a flag.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a gate that accepts a noun and produces a flag.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A flag.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ any
                                                                                                  ~/ %any
                                                                                                  |* b=$-(* ?)
                                                                                                  |- ^- ?
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  |
                                                                                                  ?|((b n.a) $(a l.a) $(a r.a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (~(any in (silt ~[2 3 4 5])) |=(a=@ (lth a 3)))
                                                                                                  %.y
                                                                                                  > (~(any in (silt ~[3 4 5])) |=(a=@ (lth a 3)))
                                                                                                  %.n

                                                                                                  ++apt:in

                                                                                                  Check correctness

                                                                                                  Computes whether a has a correct horizontal order and a correct vertical order, producing a flag.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A flag.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ apt
                                                                                                  =< $
                                                                                                  ~/ %apt
                                                                                                  =| [l=(unit) r=(unit)]
                                                                                                  |. ^- ?
                                                                                                  ?~ a &
                                                                                                  ?& ?~(l & (gor n.a u.l))
                                                                                                  ?~(r & (gor u.r n.a))
                                                                                                  ?~(l.a & ?&((mor n.a n.l.a) $(a l.a, l `n.a)))
                                                                                                  ?~(r.a & ?&((mor n.a n.r.a) $(a r.a, r `n.a)))
                                                                                                  ==

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > ~(apt in ~)
                                                                                                  %.y
                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~[1 2 3])
                                                                                                  > a
                                                                                                  [n=2 l={1} r={3}]
                                                                                                  > ~(apt in a)
                                                                                                  %.y
                                                                                                  > =z ?~(a ~ a(n 10))
                                                                                                  > z
                                                                                                  [n=10 l={1} r={3}]
                                                                                                  > ~(apt in z)
                                                                                                  %.n

                                                                                                  Discussion

                                                                                                  See section 2f for more information on noun ordering.


                                                                                                  ++bif:in

                                                                                                  Bifurcate

                                                                                                  Splits set a into sets l and r, which contain the items either side of b but not including b.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a noun.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A cell of two sets.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ bif
                                                                                                  ~/ %bif
                                                                                                  |* b=*
                                                                                                  ^+ [l=a r=a]
                                                                                                  =< +
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  [b ~ ~]
                                                                                                  ?: =(b n.a)
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  ?: (gor b n.a)
                                                                                                  =+ c=$(a l.a)
                                                                                                  ?> ?=(^ c)
                                                                                                  c(r a(l r.c))
                                                                                                  =+ c=$(a r.a)
                                                                                                  ?> ?=(^ c)
                                                                                                  c(l a(r l.c))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a `(set @)`(silt (gulf 1 20))
                                                                                                  > a
                                                                                                  {17 8 20 13 11 5 19 7 15 10 18 14 6 12 9 1 2 3 16 4}
                                                                                                  > (~(bif in a) 10)
                                                                                                  [l=[n=11 l={17 8 20 13} r={5 19 7 15}] r=[n=12 l={18 14 6} r={9 1 2 3 16 4}]]
                                                                                                  > `[(set @) (set @)]`(~(bif in a) 10)
                                                                                                  [{17 8 20 13 11 5 19 7 15} {18 14 6 12 9 1 2 3 16 4}]

                                                                                                  Discussion

                                                                                                  Note that sets are horizontally ordered by the mug hash of their items and vertically ordered by the double-mug hash of their items. This means bifurcating the set of numbers (silt ~[10 20 30 40 50]) at 30 will not produce [{10 20} {40 50}], but rather [{20} {10 40 50}] due to the tree structure resulting from their mug hashes.


                                                                                                  ++del:in

                                                                                                  Remove noun

                                                                                                  Removes b from the set a.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a noun.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ del
                                                                                                  ~/ %del
                                                                                                  |* b=*
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                  ?. =(b n.a)
                                                                                                  ?: (gor b n.a)
                                                                                                  a(l $(a l.a))
                                                                                                  a(r $(a r.a))
                                                                                                  |- ^- [$?(~ _a)]
                                                                                                  ?~ l.a r.a
                                                                                                  ?~ r.a l.a
                                                                                                  ?: (mor n.l.a n.r.a)
                                                                                                  l.a(r $(l.a r.l.a))
                                                                                                  r.a(l $(r.a l.r.a))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(del in (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])) 3)
                                                                                                  {5 1 2 4}
                                                                                                  > `(set @t)`(~(del in (silt ~['foo' 'bar' 'baz'])) 'bar')
                                                                                                  {'baz' 'foo'}
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(del in (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])) 10)
                                                                                                  {5 1 2 3 4}
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(del in ~) 10)
                                                                                                  {}

                                                                                                  ++dif:in

                                                                                                  Difference

                                                                                                  Computes the difference between a and b, producing the set of items in a that are not in b.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ dif
                                                                                                  ~/ %dif
                                                                                                  =+ b=a
                                                                                                  |@
                                                                                                  ++ $
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ b
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  =+ c=(bif n.b)
                                                                                                  ?> ?=(^ c)
                                                                                                  =+ d=$(a l.c, b l.b)
                                                                                                  =+ e=$(a r.c, b r.b)
                                                                                                  |- ^- [$?(~ _a)]
                                                                                                  ?~ d e
                                                                                                  ?~ e d
                                                                                                  ?: (mor n.d n.e)
                                                                                                  d(r $(d r.d))
                                                                                                  e(l $(e l.e))
                                                                                                  --

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])
                                                                                                  > =b (silt ~[3 4])
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(dif in a) b)
                                                                                                  {5 1 2}

                                                                                                  ++dig:in

                                                                                                  Address b in a

                                                                                                  Produce the tree address of b within a.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a noun.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  The unit of an atom.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ dig
                                                                                                  |= b=*
                                                                                                  =+ c=1
                                                                                                  |- ^- (unit @)
                                                                                                  ?~ a ~
                                                                                                  ?: =(b n.a) [~ u=(peg c 2)]
                                                                                                  ?: (gor b n.a)
                                                                                                  $(a l.a, c (peg c 6))
                                                                                                  $(a r.a, c (peg c 7))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5 6 7])
                                                                                                  > -.a
                                                                                                  n=6
                                                                                                  > (~(dig in a) 7)
                                                                                                  [~ 12]
                                                                                                  > (~(dig in a) 2)
                                                                                                  [~ 60]
                                                                                                  > (~(dig in a) 6)
                                                                                                  [~ 2]
                                                                                                  > (~(dig in a) 10)
                                                                                                  ~

                                                                                                  Discussion

                                                                                                  For more on the tree addressing system, see section 1b.


                                                                                                  ++gas:in

                                                                                                  Concatenate

                                                                                                  Insert the elements of a list b into a set a.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a list.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ gas
                                                                                                  ~/ %gas
                                                                                                  |= b=(list _?>(?=(^ a) n.a))
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ b
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  $(b t.b, a (put i.b))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~['foo' 'bar' 'baz'])
                                                                                                  > `(set @t)`a
                                                                                                  {'bar' 'baz' 'foo'}
                                                                                                  > `(set @t)`(~(gas in a) ~['foo' 'foo' 'foo' 'foo'])
                                                                                                  {'bar' 'baz' 'foo'}
                                                                                                  > `(set @t)`(~(gas in a) ~['abc' 'xyz' '123'])
                                                                                                  {'xyz' 'bar' 'baz' 'foo' 'abc' '123'}

                                                                                                  ++has:in

                                                                                                  b in a?

                                                                                                  Checks if b is an element of a, producing a flag.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a noun.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A flag.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ has
                                                                                                  ~/ %has
                                                                                                  |* b=*
                                                                                                  ^- ?
                                                                                                  %. [~ b]
                                                                                                  |= b=(unit _?>(?=(^ a) n.a))
                                                                                                  => .(b ?>(?=(^ b) u.b))
                                                                                                  |- ^- ?
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  |
                                                                                                  ?: =(b n.a)
                                                                                                  &
                                                                                                  ?: (gor b n.a)
                                                                                                  $(a l.a)
                                                                                                  $(a r.a)

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])
                                                                                                  > (~(has in a) 2)
                                                                                                  %.y
                                                                                                  > (~(has in a) 6)
                                                                                                  %.n

                                                                                                  ++int:in

                                                                                                  Intersection

                                                                                                  Produces a set of the intersection between two sets of the same type, a and b.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ int
                                                                                                  ~/ %int
                                                                                                  =+ b=a
                                                                                                  |@
                                                                                                  ++ $
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ b
                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  ~
                                                                                                  ?. (mor n.a n.b)
                                                                                                  $(a b, b a)
                                                                                                  ?: =(n.b n.a)
                                                                                                  a(l $(a l.a, b l.b), r $(a r.a, b r.b))
                                                                                                  ?: (gor n.b n.a)
                                                                                                  %- uni(a $(a l.a, r.b ~)) $(b r.b)
                                                                                                  %- uni(a $(a r.a, l.b ~)) $(b l.b)
                                                                                                  --

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > `(set @tD)`(~(int in (silt "foobar")) (silt "bar"))
                                                                                                  {'r' 'b' 'a'}
                                                                                                  > `(set @tD)`(~(int in (silt "foobar")) ~)
                                                                                                  {}
                                                                                                  > `(set @tD)`(~(int in (silt "foobar")) (silt "baz"))
                                                                                                  {'b' 'a'}

                                                                                                  ++put:in

                                                                                                  Put b in a

                                                                                                  Add an element b to the set a, producing a set.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a noun.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ put
                                                                                                  ~/ %put
                                                                                                  |* b=*
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  [b ~ ~]
                                                                                                  ?: =(b n.a)
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  ?: (gor b n.a)
                                                                                                  =+ c=$(a l.a)
                                                                                                  ?> ?=(^ c)
                                                                                                  ?: (mor n.a n.c)
                                                                                                  a(l c)
                                                                                                  c(r a(l r.c))
                                                                                                  =+ c=$(a r.a)
                                                                                                  ?> ?=(^ c)
                                                                                                  ?: (mor n.a n.c)
                                                                                                  a(r c)
                                                                                                  c(l a(r l.c))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(put in (silt ~[1 2 3])) 4)
                                                                                                  {1 2 3 4}
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(put in `(set @)`~) 42)
                                                                                                  {42}

                                                                                                  ++rep:in

                                                                                                  Accumulate

                                                                                                  Accumulate the elements of a using binary gate b.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a gate.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A noun.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ rep
                                                                                                  ~/ %rep
                                                                                                  |* b=_=>(~ |=([* *] +<+))
                                                                                                  |-
                                                                                                  ?~ a +<+.b
                                                                                                  $(a r.a, +<+.b $(a l.a, +<+.b (b n.a +<+.b)))

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > (~(rep in (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])) add)
                                                                                                  b=15
                                                                                                  > `@t`(~(rep in (silt ~['foo' 'bar' 'baz'])) |=(a=[@ @] (cat 3 a)))
                                                                                                  'foobarbaz'

                                                                                                  ++run:in

                                                                                                  Apply gate to set

                                                                                                  Produce a set containing the products of gate b applied to each element in a.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set.

                                                                                                  b is a gate.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ run
                                                                                                  ~/ %run
                                                                                                  |* b=gate
                                                                                                  =+ c=`(set _?>(?=(^ a) (b n.a)))`~
                                                                                                  |- ?~ a c
                                                                                                  =. c (~(put in c) (b n.a))
                                                                                                  =. c $(a l.a, c c)
                                                                                                  $(a r.a, c c)

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =s (silt ~["a" "A" "b" "c"])
                                                                                                  > `(set tape)`s
                                                                                                  {"A" "a" "c" "b"}
                                                                                                  > (~(run in s) cuss)
                                                                                                  {"A" "C" "B"}

                                                                                                  ++tap:in

                                                                                                  Set to list

                                                                                                  Flattens the set a into a list.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is an set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A list.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ tap
                                                                                                  =< $
                                                                                                  ~/ %tap
                                                                                                  =+ b=`(list _?>(?=(^ a) n.a))`~
                                                                                                  |. ^+ b
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  b
                                                                                                  $(a r.a, b [n.a $(a l.a)])

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > ~(tap in (silt "foobar"))
                                                                                                  "oafbr"
                                                                                                  > ~(tap in (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5]))
                                                                                                  ~[4 3 2 1 5]

                                                                                                  ++uni:in

                                                                                                  Union

                                                                                                  Produces a set of the union between two sets of the same type, a and b.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is a set, and is the sample of +in.

                                                                                                  b is a set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  A set.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ uni
                                                                                                  ~/ %uni
                                                                                                  =+ b=a
                                                                                                  |@
                                                                                                  ++ $
                                                                                                  ?: =(a b) a
                                                                                                  |- ^+ a
                                                                                                  ?~ b
                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                  ?~ a
                                                                                                  b
                                                                                                  ?: =(n.b n.a)
                                                                                                  b(l $(a l.a, b l.b), r $(a r.a, b r.b))
                                                                                                  ?: (mor n.a n.b)
                                                                                                  ?: (gor n.b n.a)
                                                                                                  $(l.a $(a l.a, r.b ~), b r.b)
                                                                                                  $(r.a $(a r.a, l.b ~), b l.b)
                                                                                                  ?: (gor n.a n.b)
                                                                                                  $(l.b $(b l.b, r.a ~), a r.a)
                                                                                                  $(r.b $(b r.b, l.a ~), a l.a)
                                                                                                  --

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > =a (silt ~[1 2 3 4 5])
                                                                                                  > =b (silt ~[4 5 6 7 8])
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(uni in a) b)
                                                                                                  {8 5 7 6 1 2 3 4}
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(uni in a) ~)
                                                                                                  {5 1 2 3 4}
                                                                                                  > `(set @)`(~(uni in `(set @)`~) b)
                                                                                                  {8 5 7 6 4}

                                                                                                  ++wyt:in

                                                                                                  Set size

                                                                                                  Produces the number of elements in set a as an atom.

                                                                                                  Accepts

                                                                                                  a is an set.

                                                                                                  Produces

                                                                                                  An atom.

                                                                                                  Source

                                                                                                  ++ wyt
                                                                                                  =< $
                                                                                                  ~% %wyt + ~
                                                                                                  |. ^- @
                                                                                                  ?~(a 0 +((add $(a l.a) $(a r.a))))
                                                                                                  --

                                                                                                  Examples

                                                                                                  > ~(wyt in (silt ~[1 2 3 4]))
                                                                                                  4
                                                                                                  > ~(wyt in `(set @)`~)
                                                                                                  0

                                                                                                  <-

                                                                                                  2g: Unsigned Powers

                                                                                                  2i: Map Logic

                                                                                                  ->

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                                                                                                  Last modified August 30, 2023